(1)系统架构
查看内核
Shell代码
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# uname -s -r
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Linux 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64
查看发布版本
Shell代码
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# cat /etc/redhat-release
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CentOS release 6.4 (Final)
查看CPU架构
Shell代码
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# arch
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x86_64(x86_64表示64位机器/i686表示32位机器)
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# getconf LONG_BIT
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64
(2)用户设置
添加用户
Shell代码
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# /usr/sbin/useradd user1 -d /home/user1 -G nobody
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# passwd user1
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New password: 123456
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Retype new password: 123456
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passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
确认用户
Shell代码
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# id user1
删除用户
Shell代码
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# userdel -r user1
赋予root权限
Shell代码
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# usermod -G wheel hoge
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# vi /etc/pam.d/su
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auth required pam_wheel.so use_uid # <= 取消注释
用户一览
Shell代码
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# cat /etc/passwd
(3)网络设置
设置IP
Shell代码
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# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
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DEVICE="eth0"
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OTPROTO="static" # <=
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HWADDR="00:0C:29:53:A5:AE"
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IPV6INIT="no" # <=
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NM_CONTROLLED="yes"
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ONBOOT="yes"
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TYPE="Ethernet"
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UUID="1ca6acf4-ebce-415a-a89b-bf89a67819ff"
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IPADDR="xxx.xxx.xx.xx" # <=
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NETMASK="255.255.255.0" # <=
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GATEWAY="xxx.xxx.xx.xx" # <=
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DNS1="xxx.xxx.xx.xx" # <=
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# service network restart
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Shutting down interface eth0:
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......
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Connection activated [ OK ]
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# ifconfig
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eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:2F:D5:58
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inet addr:xxx.xxx.xx.xx Bcast:xxx.xxx.xx.xx Mask:255.255.255.0
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......
卸载NestworkManager服务
Shell代码
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# chkconfig NetworkManager off
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# yum -y remove NetworkManager
关闭IPv6
Shell代码
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# service ip6tables stop
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# chkconfig ip6tables off
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# echo "install ipv6 /bin/true" >> /etc/modprobe.d/disable-ipv6.conf
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# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
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NETWORKING_IPV6=no
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IPV6INIT=no
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# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
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# shutdown -r now
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# lsmod | grep ipv6
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没有ipv6模块
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# netstat -an | grep ffff
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没有:ffff:开始的IP
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# ifconfig
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没有inet6 addr开始的文字
(4)包管理设置
yum清理
Shell代码
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# yum clean all
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Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
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Cleaning repos: base extras updates
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Cleaning up Everything
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# yum makecache
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Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
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Determining fastest mirrors
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………….
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Metadata Cache Created
yum更新
Shell代码
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# yum -y update
自动更新
Shell代码
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# yum -y install yum-cron
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# vi /etc/sysconfig/yum-cron
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CHECK_ONLY=yes
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DOWNLOAD_ONLY=yes
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# /etc/rc.d/init.d/yum-cron start
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# chkconfig yum-cron on
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# chkconfig --list yum-cron
自动查找最快镜像
Shell代码
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# yum -y install yum-plugin-fastestmirror
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# vi /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/fastestmirror.conf
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enabled=0 ←0:无效 1:有效
添加repository
Shell代码
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# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
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# rpm -Uvh http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
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# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo
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enabled=0
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# yum --enablerepo=rpmforge install xxxx
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# rpm -Uvh http://ftp.riken.jp/Linux/fedora/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
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# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
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enabled=0
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# yum --enablerepo=epel install xxxx
(5)设置vim
Shell代码
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# yum -y install vim-enhanced
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# vi /etc/profile
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alias vi='vim'
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# source /etc/profile
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# vi /etc/vimrc
(6)安全设置
关闭SELinux
Shell代码
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# getenforce
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# setenforce 0 ←临时关闭
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# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
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SELINUX=enforcing
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↓
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SELINUX=disabled
停止iptables
Shell代码
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# /etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables stop
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iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ]
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iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ]
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iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ]
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# chkconfig iptables off
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# chkconfig --list iptables
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iptables 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
(7)系统运行情况
磁盘使用情况
Shell代码
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# df -h
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# yum -y install sysstat
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# iostat
内存使用情况
Shell代码
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# free -m
CPU和内存
Shell代码
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# cat /proc/cpuinfo
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# cat /proc/meminfo
(8)其他
本地语言化
Shell代码
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# yum -y groupinstall "Japanese Support"
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# vi /etc/sysconfig/i18n
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LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
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↓
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LANG="ja_JP.UTF-8"
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# source /etc/sysconfig/i18n
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# echo $LANG
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ja_JP.UTF-8
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# shutdown -r now
停止不必要的服务
Shell代码
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# chkconfig --list | grep 3:on
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# service ip6tables stop
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# chkconfig ip6tables off
编码转换nkf(Network Kanji Filter)
Shell代码
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# yum -y install nkf
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# vi readme.txt
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test
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漢字
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# nkf -g readme.txt
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UTF-8 (LF)
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# nkf -s --overwrite readme.txt
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# nkf -g readme.txt
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Shift_JIS (LF)
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# nkf -j --overwrite readme.txt
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# nkf -g readme.txt
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ISO-2022-JP (LF)
安装gcc
Shell代码
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# rpm -qa gcc
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# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++
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# gcc -v
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Using built-in specs.
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Target: i686-redhat-linux
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…………
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gcc version 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4) (GCC)
安装PCRE
Shell代码
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# cd /usr/local/src
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# wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.35.tar.gz
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# tar zxvf pcre-8.35.tar.gz
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# cd /usr/local/src/pcre-8.35
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# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre/8.35
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# make clean
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# make && make install
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# PATH=/usr/local/pcre/8.35/bin:$PATH
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# vi /etc/ld.so.conf
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/usr/local/pcre/8.35/lib ←末尾追加
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# ldconfig
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# rpm -qa pcre
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pcre-7.8-6.el6.x86_64
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# pcretest -C
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PCRE version 7.8 2008-09-05
安装OpenSSL
Shell代码
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# cd /usr/local/src
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# wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.1h.tar.gz
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# tar xzvf openssl-1.0.1h.tar.gz
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# cd openssl-1.0.1h
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# ./config shared -fPIC
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# make && make install
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# vi /etc/ld.so.conf
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/usr/local/ssl/lib ←末尾追加
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# ldconfig
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# ldconfig -f /etc/ld.so.conf -vp|grep ssl/lib
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libssl.so.1.0.0 (libc6) => /usr/local/ssl/lib/libssl.so.1.0.0
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libssl.so (libc6) => /usr/local/ssl/lib/libssl.so
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libcrypto.so.1.0.0 (libc6) => /usr/local/ssl/lib/libcrypto.so.1.0.0
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libcrypto.so (libc6) => /usr/local/ssl/lib/libcrypto.so
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# /usr/local/ssl/bin/openssl version
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OpenSSL 1.0.1h 5 Jun 2014
NTP同步时间
引用
# yum -y install ntp
# mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.org
# vi /etc/ntp.conf
driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift
server 0.jp.pool.ntp.org
server 1.jp.pool.ntp.org
server 2.jp.pool.ntp.org
server 3.jp.pool.ntp.org
# ntpdate 0.jp.pool.ntp.org
# /etc/init.d/ntpd start
# ntpq -p
# ntpstat
Shell代码
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# yum update glibc
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# rpm -qa | grep glibc
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2.12-1.149.el6_6.5
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